Toponymy, Identity, and Place Attachment: Toponym Karawaci and Cina Benteng Community in Tangerang, Banten
Abstract
This article examines the toponym Karawaci as a historically and culturally meaningful place name associated with the heritage of the Cina Benteng community in Tangerang, Banten. The study explores how the name Karawaci functions not only as a geographical marker but also as a linguistic representation of collective identity, historical memory, and emotional attachment to place. In the framework of toponymy studies, place names are understood as socio-cultural symbols that preserve narratives of migration, settlement, ethnicity, and local history. This research adopts theories of identity and place attachment to explain the relationship between language, community, and spatial belonging. The concept of cultural identity proposed by Stuart Hall (1990) explains that identity is continuously constructed through history, representation, and collective memory. Through this perspective, the toponym Karawaci reflects the historical existence and cultural continuity of the Cina Benteng community within the socio-cultural landscape of Tangerang. In addition, the study applies the theory of place attachment which emphasizes the emotional and symbolic bonds formed between individuals, communities, and meaningful places. Using a mixed qualitative and quantitative research design, the article analyzes Karawaci through historical-cultural interpretation, textual sources, interview themes, questionnaire percentages, and visual documentation. The findings reveal that Karawaci is understood through overlapping meanings, including historical settlement memory, Cina Benteng identity, family attachment, administrative address value, and uncertain or mixed etymology. A questionnaire involving 120 respondents shows that 71% associate Karawaci with historical settlement memory, 64% with Cina Benteng identity, 51% with family attachment, 46% with administrative address value, and 37% with uncertain etymology. These findings indicate that the toponym serves not merely as a place name, but as an identity-bearing cultural symbol that embodies memory, belonging, and local heritage. Therefore, the article argues that Karawaci should be documented and preserved as part of the intangible cultural heritage of Tangerang.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas toponim Karawaci sebagai nama tempat yang memiliki makna historis dan kultural yang berkaitan dengan warisan komunitas Cina Benteng di Tangerang, Banten. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana nama Karawacitidak hanya berfungsi sebagai penanda geografis, tetapi juga sebagai representasi linguistik dari identitas kolektif, memori sejarah, dan keterikatan emosional terhadap suatu tempat. Dalam kajian toponimi, nama tempat dipahami sebagai simbol sosial-budaya yang menyimpan narasi migrasi, permukiman, etnisitas, dan sejarah lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori identitas dan keterikatan tempat (place attachment) untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara bahasa, komunitas, dan rasa memiliki terhadap ruang. Konsep identitas budaya yang dikemukakan oleh Stuart Hall (1990) menjelaskan bahwa identitas terus dibentuk melalui sejarah, representasi, dan memori kolektif. Melalui perspektif tersebut, toponim Karawacimerefleksikan keberadaan historis dan keberlanjutan budaya komunitas Cina Benteng dalam lanskap sosial-budaya Tangerang. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menerapkan teori place attachment yang menekankan adanya ikatan emosional dan simbolik antara individu, komunitas, dan tempat yang bermakna. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif, artikel ini menganalisis Karawaci melalui interpretasi historis-kultural, sumber tekstual, tema wawancara, persentase kuesioner, dan dokumentasi visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Karawaci dipahami melalui berbagai makna yang saling bertumpang tindih, termasuk memori permukiman historis, identitas Cina Benteng, keterikatan keluarga, nilai administratif alamat, serta etimologi yang tidak pasti atau bercampur. Kuesioner yang melibatkan 120 responden menunjukkan bahwa 71% mengaitkan Karawaci dengan memori permukiman historis, 64% dengan identitas Cina Benteng, 51% dengan keterikatan keluarga, 46% dengan nilai administratif alamat, dan 37% dengan etimologi yang tidak pasti. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa toponim tersebut tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai nama tempat, tetapi juga sebagai simbol budaya yang mengandung identitas, memori, rasa memiliki, dan warisan lokal. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa Karawaci perlu didokumentasikan dan dilestarikan sebagai bagian dari warisan budaya takbenda Tangerang.
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