Makna di Balik Alat Tangkap Ikan: Kajian Semantik Leksikal Pada Masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn

Ahadi Sulissusiawan, Dedy Ari Asfar

Abstract

This research aims to describe the forms and analyze the lexical meanings of traditional fishing gear in the Dayak Kanayatn language as a representation of the relationship between language, culture, and the community's ecological knowledge. This research uses a descriptive method with a lexical semantic approach thru fieldwork in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan. Data was obtained thru direct interviews with Dayak Kanayatn speakers and observation of the use of traditional fishing gear. Data collection techniques include recording, transcribing, translating, and grouping data based on the research subfocus. The research results show that each fishing gear lexicon, such as traps, sieves, pokat, nets, longlines, betek, palampong, tolokng, and sarapakng, has specific formal characteristics and ecological functions, depending on water conditions and fish behavior. Semantically, the lexicon forms a structured network of meanings and the expansion of meaning based on variations in the form of the tool. Culturally, traditional fishing gear is not only a means of subsistence but also embodies values of identity, ecological ethics, and local knowledge systems passed down thru generations.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk dan menganalisis makna leksikal alat tangkap ikan tradisional dalam bahasa Dayak Kanayatn sebagai representasi hubungan antara bahasa, budaya, dan pengetahuan ekologis masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan semantik leksikal melalui kerja lapangan di Kabupaten Landak, Kalimantan Barat. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan penutur Dayak Kanayatn serta observasi penggunaan alat tangkap tradisional. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi pencatatan, perekaman, transkripsi, penerjemahan, dan pengelompokan data berdasarkan subfokus penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap leksikon alat tangkap ikan, seperti bubu, bubu ayak, pokat, jala, tajur, betek, palampong, tolokng, dan sarapakng, memiliki karakteristik formal dan fungsi ekologis yang spesifik, sesuai dengan kondisi perairan dan perilaku ikan. Secara semantik, leksikon tersebut membentuk jaringan makna yang terstruktur dan perluasan makna berdasarkan variasi bentuk alat. Secara budaya, alat tangkap tradisional tidak hanya sebagai sarana subsisten, tetapi juga mengandung nilai identitas, etika ekologis, dan sistem pengetahuan lokal yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun.

Keywords

fishing gear, Dayak Kanayatn, lexicon, lexical semantics

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/sawer.v32i1.1646

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