Certa Rakyat Baridin-Ratminah dalam Bingkai Struktur Naratif dan Nilai Budaya: Kajian Kontekstual Cirebon

Abstract

This study aims to map the narrative structure, identify social values and functions, and link the findings to the context of the Baridin–Ratminah folktale from Cirebon in order to produce recommendations for local culture-based teaching materials in higher education. The study used a qualitative method with a directed literature review design. Data were collected through a review of various written sources, ethnographic documents, and archives of speech performances from scientific repositories and cultural communities. The data collection technique was carried out using the PRISMA criteria-based selection procedure to ensure the relevance of the sources. Data analysis was carried out through three approaches: (1) structural analysis of plot, characters, and motifs using Propp and Todorov's theory; (2) analysis of social values and functions based on the Bascom and Dundes framework; and (3) analysis of the narrative context using Hymes' S–P–E–A–K–I–N–G model. The results show that the Baridin–Ratminah folktale has a consistent narrative pattern with stages of encounter, moral conflict, test of loyalty, and resolution that represent the values of religiosity, loyalty, simplicity, social control, and Cirebon cultural identity. The narrative context within society and digital media has shifted the meaning of the story and opened up opportunities for revitalization through visual media. These findings confirm that the Baridin-Ratminah folktale is worthy of being integrated as teaching material in courses on literary studies, cultural literacy, and the development of local wisdom-based learning media.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan struktur naratif, mengidentifikasi nilai dan fungsi sosial, serta menautkan temuan dengan konteks penuturan cerita rakyat Baridin-Ratminah dari Cirebon guna menghasilkan rekomendasi bahan ajar berbasis budaya lokal di perguruan tinggi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain kajian pustaka yang terarah. Data dikumpulkan melalui telaah berbagai sumber tertulis, dokumen etnografis, serta arsip performansi tutur dari repositori ilmiah dan komunitas budaya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan prosedur seleksi berbasis kriteria PRISMA untuk memastikan relevansi sumber. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga pendekatan: (1) analisis struktural terhadap alur, tokoh, dan motif menggunakan teori Propp dan Todorov; (2) analisis nilai dan fungsi sosial berdasarkan kerangka Bascom dan Dundes; serta (3) analisis konteks penuturan menggunakan model S–P–E–A–K–I–N–G dari Hymes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerita rakyat Baridin-Ratminah memiliki pola naratif yang ajeg dengan tahapan pertemuan, konflik moral, ujian kesetiaan, dan resolusi yang merepresentasikan nilai religiusitas, kesetiaan, kesahajaan, kontrol sosial, dan identitas budaya Cirebon. Konteks penuturan dalam masyarakat dan media digital turut menggeser makna cerita serta membuka peluang revitalisasi melalui media visual. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa cerita rakyat Baridin-Ratminah layak diintegrasikan sebagai bahan ajar dalam mata kuliah kajian sastra, literasi budaya, dan pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal.