Ecofeminism Identity in The Gayo Folklore
Abstract
This study aimed at describing women's identity, which includes the role and position of women, nature, and the environment in Gayo folklore. It is a qualitative study. The of data consist of written data from the 2008 Acehnese folklore manuscript. Data collection was conducted using reading and note-taking techniques, while data analysis employed content analysis with ecofeminism approach. The result of the study showed that the ecofeminist identity of Gayo women included (1) natural and sociocultural ecofeminism and (2) spiritual ecofeminism. This identity influenced lifestyle patterns and indicated that: (1) all Gayo folklore portrayed women as the main characters, (2) women's identities were never considered higher than men’s in traditional society, as it was built on a patriarchal system, (3) women's identity in Gayo traditional society was determined by the type of marriage; and (4) the significant role of Gayo women was as mothers, responsible for educating and raising children.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan identitas perempuan yang meliputi peran dan kedudukan perempuan, alam, dan lingkungan hidup dalam cerita rakyat Gayo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data tertulis yang bersumber dari naskah cerita rakyat Hikayatologi Aceh tahun 2008. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik baca dan teknik catat, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik analisi isi dengan pendekatan ekofemisme. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identitas ekofeminisme perempuan Gayo meliputi (1) ekofeminisme alam dan sosiokultural, dan (2) ekofeminisme spiritual. Identitas ini telah mempengaruhi pola hidup dan menunjukkan bahwa (1) seluruh cerita Rakyat Gayo mengisahkan perempuan sebagai tokoh utamanya, (2) identitas perempuan tidak pernah lebih tinggi dari laki-laki dalam masyarakat adat, karena dibangun dengan sistem patriarki, (3) identitas perempuan dalam masyarakat adat Gayo ditentukan oleh jenis perkawinan, dan (4) identitas penting perempuan Gayo adalah sebagai ibu dalam mendidik dan mengasuh anak.
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