Praktik Alih Kode Bahasa Indonesia-Bugis dalam Pengajian di Pesantren As’adiyah: Strategi Linguistik untuk Memperdalam Pemahaman Keagamaan Santri Multikultural

Muhsyanur Muhsyanur

doi:10.26499/sawer.v31i1.1560

Praktik Alih Kode Bahasa Indonesia-Bugis dalam Pengajian di Pesantren As’adiyah: Strategi Linguistik untuk Memperdalam Pemahaman Keagamaan Santri Multikultural

Muhsyanur Muhsyanur

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the form and function of Indonesian-Bugis code transfer in the recitation of the yellow book at the As'adiyah Islamic Boarding School. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach and communication ethnography methods. Data were collected through direct observation, recitation recordings, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The analysis was conducted with reference to Dell Hymes' SPEAKING model, which includes eight components of speech events: Setting, Participants, Ends, Act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms, and Genre. The results of the study show that code switching is used by ustaz as a linguistic strategy to bridge the religious understanding of students who come from multicultural backgrounds. The dominant forms of code switching are intercential and intracentential, with the functions of explaining terms, emphasizing meaning, strengthening messages, and building emotional closeness. These findings suggest that code switching is not just a linguistic phenomenon, but is also part of the practice of cultural communication in locally-based Islamic education.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap bentuk dan fungsi alih kode Bahasa Indonesia–Bugis dalam pengajian kitab kuning di Pesantren As’adiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan metode etnografi komunikasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, rekaman pengajian, wawancara mendalam, dan diskusi kelompok terfokus. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengacu pada model SPEAKING dari Dell Hymes, yang mencakup delapan komponen peristiwa tutur: Setting, Participants, Ends, Act sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms, dan Genre. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alih kode digunakan oleh ustaz sebagai strategi linguistik untuk menjembatani pemahaman keagamaan santri yang berasal dari latar belakang multikultural. Bentuk alih kode yang dominan adalah intersentensial dan intrasentensial, dengan fungsi menjelaskan istilah, menegaskan makna, memperkuat pesan, serta membangun kedekatan emosional. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa alih kode tidak sekadar fenomena linguistik, tetapi juga merupakan bagian dari praktik komunikasi budaya dalam pendidikan Islam berbasis lokal.

Keywords

Alih kode; Bahasa Indonesia–Bugis; kitab kuning; pesantren; strategi linguistik; santri multikultural

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/sawer.v31i1.1560